Young Western Australian magpies do not simply inherit their vocal repertoires. They learn specific call combinations from the social groups they grow up in, gradually assembling structured sequences ...

A recent study has found that a specific single-celled organism has the capacity for Pavlovian associative learning without a brain or even a neuron.

A giant, single-celled organism with no brain, neurons, or nervous system has demonstrated an advanced form of learning previously thought impossible for a solitary cell. The organism is Stentor ...

Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story: Single-celled organisms aren’t often associated with complex functioning, but a new study suggests that at least some protists exhibit what’s known ...

Huang and colleagues examined neural responses in mouse anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during a discrimination-avoidance task. The authors present useful findings that ACC neurons encode primarily ...

More than a century ago, Pavlov trained his dog to associate the sound of a bell with food. Ever since, scientists assumed the dog learned this through repetition: The more times the dog heard the ...

More than a century ago, Pavlov trained his dog to associate the sound of a bell with food. Ever since, scientists assumed the dog learned this through repetition: The more times the dog heard the ...

Tsukuba, Japan—Everyday behaviors, such as braking at a red light or opening an app upon seeing a notification, are shaped by associative learning, wherein the brain links sensory cues to motor ...

The cerebellum facilitates associative learning—wherein visual information is linked to motor actions—by strengthening sustained visual responses. Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have ...

Not revised: This Reviewed Preprint includes the authors’ original preprint (without revision), an eLife assessment, public reviews, and a provisional response from the authors. Rahmani et al. utilize ...